from typing import Any


class AppError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, code: str, message: str, status_code: int = 400, details: Any = None):
        self.code = code
        self.message = message
        self.status_code = status_code
        self.details = details
        super().__init__(message)


class NotFoundError(AppError):
    def __init__(self, resource: str, details: Any = None):
        code = f"{resource.upper().replace(' ', '_')}_NOT_FOUND"
        message = f"{resource.replace('_', ' ').capitalize()} not found"
        super().__init__(code=code, message=message, status_code=404, details=details)


class UnauthorizedError(AppError):
    def __init__(self, message: str = "Authentication required"):
        super().__init__(code="UNAUTHORIZED", message=message, status_code=401)


class ForbiddenError(AppError):
    def __init__(self, message: str = "Insufficient permissions"):
        super().__init__(code="FORBIDDEN", message=message, status_code=403)


class ConflictError(AppError):
    def __init__(self, code: str, message: str, details: Any = None):
        super().__init__(code=code, message=message, status_code=409, details=details)


class PaymentError(AppError):
    def __init__(self, message: str, details: Any = None):
        super().__init__(code="PAYMENT_FAILED", message=message, status_code=402, details=details)


class ValidationError(AppError):
    def __init__(self, message: str, details: Any = None):
        super().__init__(code="VALIDATION_ERROR", message=message, status_code=422, details=details)


class OutOfStockError(AppError):
    def __init__(self, product_name: str = ""):
        msg = f"'{product_name}' is out of stock" if product_name else "One or more items are out of stock"
        super().__init__(code="OUT_OF_STOCK", message=msg, status_code=409)


class SlotUnavailableError(AppError):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(code="SLOT_UNAVAILABLE", message="This time slot is no longer available", status_code=409)


class UserBlockedError(AppError):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(code="USER_BLOCKED", message="Your account has been suspended", status_code=403)